Coronary arteries bypass grafting stenosis

Coronary artery disease [CAD] is a major global problem. In addition, it is higher risk of mortality for women more than men are when develop in female gender Atherosclerotic plaques consist of deposits of fatty material in the tunica intima. The role of inflammatory process in CAD has been known from 1980's. Several studies investigated the innate immunity and adaptive immunity roles in atherosclerosis and they concluded that it plays a key role in atherosclerosis. Coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG] is a widely used method for the treatment of CAD. Based on the literature, CABG is the most common surgical operation done worldwide. In During the first 10 years after CABG, up to 50% of saphenous grafts will occlude. Graft restenosis is beginning with acute thrombosis, intima hyperplasia, and plaque formation. In this review, some molecular pathways of graft failure and restenosis such as apoptosis and nuclear factor kappa B [NF-kB] are described

Cardiovascular risk factors and nutritional intake are not associated with ultrasound-defined increased carotid intima media thickness in individuals without a history of cardiovascular events

Carotid ultrasound appears to be useful in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. In this study, we have assessed the carotid intima-media thickness [CIMT] in a group of individuals without a history of cardiovascular events. A sample of 431subjects [189 [43.9%] males and 242 [56.1%] females] was obtained from an urban population using a stratified-cluster method in Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerosis disorder study. None of the subjects had a history of the cardiovascular event. Carotid artery duplex ultrasound was used to determine the CIMT in all subjects, and to identify those with an abnormal value [CIMT [+]; i.e., CIMT >/= 0.8 mm]. Dietary intake of participants was assessed using a questionnaire for 24-h dietary recall. The relationship between anthropometric, biochemical and dietary data and CIMT were assessed. The mean age of subjects was 48.7 +/- 8.0 years. Of the 431 patients, 118 [27.4%] were found to be CIMT [+]. Of the cardiovascular parameters assessed, only age [odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval [CI]], 1.11 [0.56-4.34]; P < 0.01] and male gender [OR [95% CI], 1.14 [0.63-2.23]; P < 0.05] were significant independent predictors of ultrasound defined CIMT. Crude and total energy adjusted intake were not associated with the presence of CIMT [+]. It appears that within a relatively young Iranian population of individuals without a history of cardiovascular event, the presence of CIMT [+] defined by duplex ultrasound cut-off value of >/= 0.8 mm, did not associate with several modifiable cardiovascular risk factors or measures of dietary intake

Effects of magnetized water on ovary, pre-implantation stage endometrial and fallopian tube epithelial cells in mice

Magnetized water has made many improvements in industry, agriculture and medicine. However its utilization in medicine still remains controversial. In this study we aimed to investigate the effects of magnetized water on height of epithelial cells in pre-implantation stage endometrium and fallopian tube and number of corpus lutea in female mice. Eighty female NRMI mice were recruited to this experimental study and randomly divided into two groups: the control group which drank normal water and the experimental [case] group which drank magnetized water for 2 weeks. Super-ovulation was induced in these mice and then they were mated with male mice as well. Samples of ovary, uterus and fallopian tube were obtained at the pre-implantation stage. Then, after preparation, the number of corpus lutea in each ovary was counted and the height of fallopian and endometrial epithelial cells was measured by light microscopy. Data analysis showed a significant increase in the mean number of corpus lutea and the height of epithelial cells in fallopian tube comparing the case with the control group [p=0.01, p=0.002 respectively] whereas uterus epithelial cells of the case group showed insignificant increase in height, in compare with the control group [p=0.052]. Our results suggest that magnetized water intake increases the number of corpus lutea and the height of fallopian tube epithelial cells. Further research is needed to determine whether this will increase in the success rate of fertility

[ case report of thrombus aspiration in a patient with ST elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI]]

No reflow is one major side effect that occurs in angioplasty and makes prognosis poor. This article reported the vital role of utilization of new thrombus aspiration catheters in treatment of this phenomenon to succeed in rescue angioplasty. [A 36-year-old man with failed response to streptokinase, 3.5 hrs after anterior STEMI was referred to cath-lab for rescue angioplasty. At angiography, LAD was totally occluded with thrombotic lesion. Because of high clot load, standard angioplasty failed to establish the flow aggravating hemodynamics, so we used the device to aspirate thrombus. This procedure was successful and normal coronary flow was restablished; chest pain terminated and blood pressure rose The presence of new thrombus aspiration catheters in cath-lab is an essential treatment device for success of primary and rescue angioplasty

Presentation of hospital outcomes and different treatment methods of patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome: a report from two tertiary hospitals in Iran

The aim of this study was to report common presentations of Budd-Chiari syndrome [BCS] and the early outcome of different treatment methods in two tertiary hospitals in Iran. This case series study was performed on 21 patients [mean age: 42 +/- 13.09 years; 11 male, 52.4%, and 10 female, 47.6%] admitted for treatment of BCS in two tertiary referral centers in Mashhad, Iran, between 2002 and 2008. All required data of signs, underlying etiology, treatment methods and in-hospital mortality were gathered from patients' medical records. Angiographic and sonographic findings showed that the most frequent isolated location of obstruction was the inferior vena cava [n = 12, 57.1%]. No distinct underlying disease was found in 6 [28.6%] patients. Eleven [52.4%] patients had web obstruction and 4 patients had other related underlying diseases. Treatment modalities consisted of medical follow-up in 12 [57.1%], angioplasty in 6 [28.6%], and surgery in 3 [14.3%] patients. Medical follow-up of 3 patients, 1 with angioplasty and 2 who had undergone surgery, disclosed that they had died before discharge from hospital. Higher age at diagnosis may reflect late diagnosis at an advanced stage of disease. We suggest that the early symptoms of this disease should be taken into account more seriously in differential diagnosis. Balloon angioplasty seems to be a more efficient method for treatment of BCS

Comparison of cost of in-hospital standard heparin therapy with low-molecular weight heparin in an outpatient setting in DVT patients

Deep venous thrombosis [DVT] is a fast-growing disease which is being dedicated significant human and financial resources. The objective of the current study was to compare the cost of current methods of heparin therapy; unfractioned heparin [UFH] and low-molecular weight heparin [LMWH], in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis. This was a cross-sectional study on 146 patients with DVT which was carried out at the cardiology ward between 2002 and 2004. The number of admission days and the total in-patient and out-patient costs of therapy were evaluated. The results revealed that in-patient treatment with standard heparin [UFH] cost US $240. With a mean 8.5 days of hospital stay, while treatment with LMWH [Enoxaparin] cost US $80. Considering all the benefits of LMWH including desired efficacy, greater ease of administration, fewer laboratory monitoring requirements, earlier hospital discharge, feasibility of using LMWH safely on an outpatient basis instead of an in-patient basis, cost-effectiveness and better individual and social activities during the treatment period, it is suggested that LMWH at least be used in low-risk patients instead of intravenous heparin, also sparing them hospital admission

Comparison of cost of standard in-hospital heparin therapy with that of low-molecular weight heparin in an out-patient setting in patients with deep vein thrombosis

Deep venous thrombosis is an increasingly common disorder which consumes remarkable human and financial resources. The objective of the current study is to compare the cost of current methods of heparin therapy; unfractioned heparin [UFH] and low molecular weight heparin [LMWH], in deep venous thrombosis [DVT]. This was a cross-sectional study on 146 patients with DVT which was carried out at our cardiology ward between 2002 and 2004. The number of admission days and the total inpatient and out-patient costs of therapy were estimated. The results revealed that in-patient treatment with standard heparin [UFH] costs U.S. $240.00 with a mean of 8.5 days of hospital stay, while treatment with LMWH [enoxaparin] costs U.S. $80.00. Considering all the benefits of LMWH including desired efficacy, greater ease of administration, fewer laboratory monitoring requirements, earlier hospital discharge, feasibility of using LMWH safely on an outpatient basis instead of an in-patient basis, cost effectiveness and better individual and social activities during the treatment period, it is suggested that LMWH be used at least in low-risk patients instead of intravenous heparin, while also sparing them hospital admission

Prevalence of chest wall deformities in a large sample of Iranian children aged 7-14 years

Pectus excavatum [PE] and pectus carinatum [PC] are two common chest deformities. We investigated the prevalence of chest wall deformities including PE and PC in Iranian population. 25587 children and adolescents aged 7-14 years consisting of 13586 [53.1%] males and 12001 [46.9%] females were studied using cluster-stratified sampling method. Screening was clinical and based on descriptive findings. Suspected subjects with chest wall deformity were referred to the expert surgeon to confirm the diagnosis. The prevalence of chest deformities in our population was 204 [1.03%]. The mean age of subjects was 10.2 +/- 3.0 years. Of these subjects 124 [0.49%] [74 [54%] males and 50 [42%] females]] had PE and 80 [0.31%] [58 [72.5%] males and 22 [17.5%]females]] had PC. The prevalence of PE seems to be very high in Iran. Special attention must be paid to diagnose and treat this problem in our population

[Prevalence of renal artery stenosis following diagnostic coronary angiography]

Renal artery atherosclerosis is the most common cause of renovascular hypertension and ischemic nephropathy which is potentially a correctable problem by surgery or intravascular intervention. The prevalence of Renal Artery Disease [RAD] in hypertensive patients evaluated for Coronary Artery Disease [CAD] as the main symptom of atherosclerosis, in our population is unknown, we began evaluation of renal artery stenosis in these patients. A prospective cross-sectional study carried out from March 2004 through January 2005 in cardiology department of Emam Reza Hospital, Mashhed University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Over all 255 of patients suspicious of CAD included in this study. Coronary angiography performed by femoral artery approach followed by renal artery angiography. Artery1 involvement with more than 50% of the lumen [renal arteries or coronaries] classified as significant stenosis. Coronary stenosis divided into 1-, 2- or 3-vessel involvement. Collected data analyzed by SPSS. The patients were 129 males and 126 females, with the mean age of 58.5% +/- 10.6. A total of 200 patients [mean age of 59.7 +/- 10.5] had CAD and the reminders had normal coronary arteries [mean age 61.5 +/- 10.3]. The Prevalence of RAD in patients with CAD was 31% [63 patients; 19 bilateral and 44 unilateral stenosis], of significant RAD in 1-, 2-, or 3-vessel involvement were as follow respectively 24.27%, 35.7% and 36.5%. In 55 patients with normal coronary arteries, the prevalence of RAD was 3.6% [p<0.001]. Many studies have shown the progressive nature of renal artery stenosis; therefore, early diagnosis will prevent its progression and other consequences. Our results suggest that CAD, especially when more arteries are involved, is a predictor of renal artery stenosis. Since 31% of our hypertensive patients with CAD had significant renal artery stenosis, we recommend that renal artery angiography be performed following coronary angiography for those patients with significant stenosis